Contents 1 General notes 1.1 Quotations, titles, etc. 1.2 Non-breaking spaces 2 Chronological items 2.1 Statements likely to become outdated 2.2 Times of day 2.3 Dates, months and years 2.3.1 Formats 2.3.1.1 Consistency 2.3.1.2 Strong national ties to a topic 2.3.1.3 Retaining existing format 2.3.2 Era style 2.3.3 Julian and Gregorian calendars 2.3.4 Ranges 2.3.5 Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates 2.4 Other 2.4.1 Days of the week 2.4.2 Seasons 2.4.3 Decades 2.4.4 Centuries and millennia 2.4.5 Long periods of time 3 Numbers 3.1 Numbers as figures or words 3.2 Ordinals 3.3 Number ranges 3.4 Singular versus plural 3.5 Fractions and ratios 3.6 Decimals 3.7 Grouping of digits 3.8 Percentages 3.9 Scientific and engineering notation 3.10 Uncertainty and rounding 3.11 Non-base-10 notations 3.12 Mathematical formulae 4 Units of measurement 4.1 Unit choice and order 4.2 Unit conversions 4.3 Unit names and symbols 4.4 Specific units 4.4.1 Quantities of bytes and bits 5 Currencies and monetary values 6 Common mathematical symbols 7 Geographical coordinates 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References

General notes Quotations, titles, etc. See also: WP:MOSQUOTE Quotations, titles of books and articles, and similar "imported" text should be faithfully reproduced, even if they employ formats or units inconsistent with these guidelines or with other formats in the same article. If necessary, clarify via [bracketed interpolation], article text, or footnotes. It is acceptable to change other date formats in the same article to provide consistency, so long as those changes would otherwise be acceptable. Non-breaking spaces Guidance on the use of non-breaking spaces ("hard spaces") – &nbsp;, {{nbsp}}, &thinsp;, {{thinsp}} – is given in some sections below; {{nowrap}} may also be useful in controlling linebreaks in some situations. Not all situations in which hard spaces or {{nowrap}} may be appropriate are described. For further information see Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Non-breaking spaces and Wikipedia:Line-break handling.

Numbers Shortcut MOS:NUMS Numbers as figures or words See also information on specific situations, elsewhere in this guideline. Shortcuts MOS:NUMERAL MOS:SPELL09 Generally, in article text: Integers from zero to nine are spelled out in words. Integers greater than nine expressible in one or two words may be expressed either in numerals or in words (16 or sixteen, 84 or eighty-four, 200 or two hundred). Numbers between 21 and 99 are hyphenated (including when part of a larger number): fifty-six or fifty-six thousand but five hundred or five thousand. Other numbers are given in numerals (3.75, 544) or in forms such as 21 million. Markup: 21{{nbsp}}million Billion and trillion are understood to represent their short-scale values of 109 (1,000,000,000) and 1012 (1,000,000,000,000), respectively. Keep this in mind when translating articles from non-English Wikipedias, or using material from non-English or older sources. M (unspaced) or bn (unspaced) respectively may be used for "million" or "billion" after a number, when the word has been spelled out at the first occurrence (She received £70 million and her son £10M). SI prefixes and symbols, such as mega- (M), giga- (G) and tera- (T), should be used only with units of measure as appropriate to the field, and not to express large quantities in other contexts. Examples of misuse: In a population of 1.3G people, 300 megadeaths would be expected. Sometimes, the variety of English used in an article may necessitate the use of a numbering system other than the Western thousands-based system. For example, the South Asian numbering system is conventionally used in South Asian English. In those situations, link the first spelled-out instance of each quantity (e.g. [[crore]], which yields: crore). If no instances are spelled out, provide a note after the first instance, directing the reader to the article about the numbering system. Also, provide a conversion to Western numbers for the first instance of each quantity, and provide conversions for subsequent instances if they do not overwhelm the content of the article. For example, write three crore (thirty million). Group digits in Western thousands-based style (e.g., 30,000,000; not 3,00,00,000); see § Delimiting (grouping of digits), below. The variety of English does not uniquely determine the method of numbering in an article. Other considerations – such as conventions used in mathematics, science, and engineering – may also apply. The choice and order of formats and conversions is a matter of editorial discretion and consensus at the article. Shortcut MOS:NUMNOTES Notes and exceptions: Avoid beginning a sentence with a figure: Use: There were many matches; 23 ended in a draw. Or: There were many matches. Twenty-three ended in a draw. Not: There were many matches. 23 ended in a draw. Use: No elections were held in 1945 and 1950. Not: 1945 and 1950 had no elections. (Nor: Nineteen forty-five and 1950 had no elections – comparable numbers should be both written in words or both in figures.) Opening a sentence with a proper name or technical term that begins with a numeral can usually be avoided by rewording: Prefer: Typically, 1-Naphthylamine is synthesized via the Feldenshlager–Glockenspiel process. Or: Feldenshlager–Glockenspiel is the process typically used in the synthesis of 1-naphthylamine. Avoid: 1-Naphthylamine is typically synthesized via the Feldenshlager–Glockenspiel process. In tables and infoboxes, quantities are expressed in figures (Years in office: 5); but numbers within a table's explanatory text and comments follow the general rule. Numbers in mathematical formulae are never spelled out (3 < π < 22/7, not three < π < 22 sevenths). Sport scores and vote tallies should be given as figures, even if in the zero-to-nine range (a 25–7 victory; and passed with 7 ayes, 2 nays, and 1 abstention). Comparable quantities should be all spelled out or all in figures, even if one of the numbers would normally be written differently: five cats and thirty-two dogs, or 5 cats and 32 dogs, not five cats and 32 dogs Adjacent quantities not comparable should usually be in different formats: twelve 90-minute volumes or 12 ninety-minute volumes, not 12 90-minute volumes or twelve ninety-minute volumes. Avoid awkward juxtapositions: On February 25, 2011, twenty-one more were chosen, not On February 25, 2011, 21 more were chosen. Sometimes figures and words carry different meanings; for example, Every locker except one was searched implies there is a single exception (without specifying which), while Every locker except 1 was searched means that only locker number 1 was not searched. Proper names, technical terms, and the like are never altered: 10 Downing Street,  Nine Inch Nails,  Channel 8,  Seven Samurai,  The Sixth Sense,  Chanel No. 5,  Fourth Estate,  The Third Man,  Second Coming,  First Amendment,  Zero Hour!,  Less Than Zero Figures as figures: Use a figure when the figure itself (its glyph, shape, etc.) is meant: a figure-8 pattern; in the shape of the numeral 6. (See WP:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Words as words.) Only figures are used with unit symbols (2 min not two min), but figures or words may be used with unit names (2 minutes or two minutes), within the guidelines above. (See also table: General guidelines on unit names and symbols.) Shortcuts MOS:ORDINAL MOS:1ST Ordinals Ordinal suffixes (-st, -nd, -rd, -th) are not superscripted (123rd and 496th, not 123rd nor 496th). For guidance on choosing between e.g. 15th and fifteenth, see § Numbers as figures or words. Regnal numbers are normally written with Roman numerals (without suffix, e.g. Elizabeth II not Elizabeth IInd). Do not use a dot (.) or the ordinal mark (º) to indicate ordinals. Number ranges As with date ranges (see above), number ranges in general, such as page ranges, should state the full value of both the beginning and end of the range, with an en dash between, e.g. pp. 1902–1911,  entries 342–349. Forms such as 1901–11 and 342–9 may be used where space is limited (such as in tables and infoboxes), or where a citation style formally requires it. (As usual, quotations are not changed.) Singular versus plural Nouns following simple fractions are singular (He took ​1⁄4 dose;  net change in score was −​1⁄2 point;  ​3⁄2 dose). Nouns following mixed numbers are plural (knew even 1​1⁄2 doses could be fatal;  continued another 4​3⁄4 miles). Nouns following the lone, unsigned digit 1 are singular, but those following other decimal numbers (i.e. base-10 numbers not involving fractions) are plural (increased 0.7 percentage points;  365.25 days;  paid 5 dollars per work hour, 1 dollar per travel hour, 0 dollars per standby hour;  increased by 1 point but net change +1 points;  net change −1 points;  net change 1.0 points). The same rules apply to numbers given in words (one dose;  one and one-half doses;  zero dollars;  net change of negative one points). Fractions and ratios Shortcuts MOS:FRAC MOS:RATIO Spelled-out fractions are hyphenated: seven-eighths. Where numerator and denominator can each be expressed in one word, a fraction is usually spelled out (e.g. a two-thirds majority;  moved one-quarter mile); use figures if a fraction appears with a symbol (e.g. ​1⁄4 mi – markup: {{frac|1|4}}&nbsp;mi, not a quarter of a mi or one-quarter mi). A common exception is a series of values: The distances were ​1 1⁄4, ​2⁄3 and ​1⁄2 mile, respectively. Mixed numbers are usually given in figures, unspaced (not Fellini's film 8 ​1⁄2 or 8-​1⁄2 but Fellini's film ​8 1⁄2 – markup: {{frac|8|1|2}}). In any case the integer and fractional parts should be consistent (not nine and ​1⁄2). Metric (SI) measurements generally use decimals, not fractions (5.25 mm, not 5​1⁄4 mm). Non-metric (imperial and US customary) measurements may use fractions or decimals (5​1⁄4 inches; 5.25 inches); the practice of reliable sources should be followed, and within-article consistency is desirable. In science and mathematics articles mixed numbers are rarely used (not 1​1⁄3 times the original voltage, but 4/3 the original) and use of {{frac}} is discouraged in favor of one of these styles: 1 2 {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}}  – markup: $\textstyle\frac{1}{2}$ 1/2 – markup: {{sfrac|1|2}} 1/2 – markup: 1/2 Do not use special characters such as ½ (deprecated markup: &frac12; or &#189;). Ordinal suffixes such as -th should not be used with fractions expressed in figures (not each US state has 1/50th of the Senate's votes; 1/8th mile, but one-fiftieth of the Senate's votes; 1/8 mile; one-eighth mile). Dimensionless ratios (i.e. those without accompanying units) are given by placing a colon between integers, or placing to between numbers-as-words: favored by a 3:1 ratio or a three-to-one ratio, not a 3/1 ratio or a 3–1 ratio. Use a "spaced" colon when one or more decimal points is present (a 3.5 : 1 ratio – markup: a 3.5&nbsp;:&nbsp;1 ratio). Do not use the colon form where units are involved (dissolve using a 3 ml:1 g ratio)‍—‌instead see ratios section of table at § Unit names and symbols, below. Decimals Shortcuts WP:DECIMAL MOS:DECIMAL A period/full point (.), never a comma, is used as the decimal point (6.57, not 6,57). Numbers between −1 and +1 require a leading zero (0.02, not .02); exceptions are sporting performance averages (.430 batting average) and commonly used terms such as .22 caliber. Indicate repeating digits with an overbar e.g. 14.31{{overline|28}} gives 14.3128. (Consider explaining this notation on first use.) Do not write e.g. 14.31(28) because it resembles notation for uncertainty. Grouping of digits For technical reasons, "Project:Digits" redirects here. For the Microsoft Research project, see Project Digits. Shortcuts WP:DIGITS MOS:DIGITS Digits should be grouped and separated either by commas or by narrow gaps (never a period/full point). Grouping with commas Left of the decimal point, five or more digits are grouped into threes separated by commas (e.g.  12,200,  255,200 km,  8,274,527th,  ​1⁄86,400). Numbers with exactly four digits left of the decimal point may optionally be grouped (either  1,250  or  1250), provided that this is consistent within each article. When commas are used left of the decimal point, digits right of the decimal point are not grouped (i.e. should be given as an unbroken string). Markup: {{formatnum:}} produces this formatting. Grouping with narrow gaps Digits are grouped both sides of the decimal point (e.g.  7006654321012345600♠6543210.123456,  7002793162340000000♠520.01234 °C,  7005101325000000000♠101325/760). Digits are generally grouped into threes. Right of the decimal point, usual practice is to have a final group of four in preference to leaving an "orphaned" digit at the end (7001991234567000000♠99.1234567, but 99.1234567 would also be acceptable). In mathematics-oriented articles long strings may be grouped into fives (e.g.  3.14159265358979323846...). This style is especially recommended for articles related to science, technology, engineering or mathematics. Markup: Templates {{val}} or {{gaps}} may be used to produce this formatting. Note that use of any space character as a separator in numbers, including non-breaking space, is problematic for screen readers. (See § Non-breaking spaces.) Screen readers read out each group of digits as separate numbers (e.g.  30&thinsp;000  is read as "thirty zero zero zero".) Delimiting style should be consistent throughout a given article. Either use commas or narrow gaps, but not both in the same article. Either group the thousands in a four-digit number or do not, but not mixed use in the same article. However, grouping by threes and fives may coexist. An exception is made for four-digit page numbers or four-digit calendar years. These should never be grouped (not  sailed in 1,492,  though  dynasty collapsed around 10,400 BC  or  by 7004137270000000000♠13727 AD, Vega will be the northern pole star). Percentages Shortcuts MOS:PERCENT WP:PERCENT WP:% In the body of non-scientific/non-technical articles, percent (American English) or per cent (British English) are commonly used: 10 percent; ten percent; 4.5 per cent. Ranges are written ten to twelve per cent or ten to twelve percent, not ten–twelve per cent or ten to twelve %. In the body of scientific/​technical articles, and in tables and infoboxes of any article, the symbol % (unspaced) is more common: 3%, not 3 % or three %. Ranges: 10–12%, not 10%–12% or 10 to 12%. When expressing the difference between two percentages, do not confuse a percentage change with a change in percentage points. Scientific and engineering notation Scientific notation always has a single nonzero digit to the left of the point: not 7023602200000000000♠60.22×1022, but 7023602200000000000♠6.022×1023. Engineering notation is similar, but adjusted so that the exponent is a multiple of three: 7023602200000000000♠602.2×1021. Avoid mixing scientific and engineering notations (A 7002223000000000000♠2.23×102 m2 region covered by 7008234000000000000♠234.0×106 grains of sand). In a table column (or other presentation) in which all values can be expressed with a single power of 10, consider giving e.g. ×107 once in the column header, and omitting it in the individual entries. (Markup: {{e|7}}) In both notations, the number of digits indicates the precision. For example, 7003500000000000000♠5×103 means rounded to the nearest thousand; 7003500000000000000♠5.0×103 to the nearest hundred; 7003500000000000000♠5.00×103 to the nearest ten; and 7003500000000000000♠5.000×103 to the nearest unit. Markup: {{val}} and {{e}} may be used to format exponential notation. Uncertainty and rounding  Shortcuts MOS:UNCERTAINTY MOS:LARGENUM Where explicit uncertainty information (such as a margin of error) is available and appropriate for inclusion, it may be written in various ways: (1.534 ± 0.035) × 1023 m 12.34 m2 ± 5% (not used with scientific notation) 15.34 +0.43 −0.23 × 1023 m 1.604(48) × 10−4 J (equivalent to (1.604 ± 0.048) × 10−4 J)[g] Polls estimated Jones's share of the vote would be 55 percent, give or take about 3 percent Markup: {{+-}}, {{su}}, and {{val}} may be used to format uncertainties. Where explicit uncertainty is unavailable (or is unimportant for the article's purposes) round to an appropriate number of significant digits; the precision presented should usually be conservative. Precise values (often given in sources for formal or matter-of-record reasons) should be used only where stable and appropriate to the context, or significant in themselves for some special reason. The speed of light is defined to be 299,792,458 m/s but Particle velocities eventually reached almost two-thirds the 300-million-metre-per-second speed of light. checks worth $250 (equivalent to$1,800 in 2016) (not $1,845.38 in 2016) The city's 1920 population was 10,000 (not population was 9,996 – an official figure unlikely to be accurate at full precision) but The town was ineligible because its official census figure (9,996) fell short of the statutory minimum of ten thousand (unusual case in which the full-precision official figure is truly informative) The accident killed 337 passengers and crew, and three airport workers (likely that accurate and precise figures were determined) At least 800 persons died in the ensuing mudslides (unlikely that any precise number can be accurate, even if an official figure is issued) or Officials listed 835 deaths, but the Red Cross said dozens more may have gone unreported (in reporting conflicting information, give detail sufficient to make the contrast intelligible) The jury's award was$8.5 million (not $8,462,247.63). The appeals court reduced this to$3,000,001 (one dollar in actual damages, the remainder in punitive damages). The number of decimal places should be consistent within a list or context (The response rates were 41.0 and 47.4 percent, respectively, not 41 and 47.4 percent), unless different precisions are actually intended. It may sometimes be appropriate to note the lack of uncertainty information, especially where such information is normally provided and necessary for full interpretation of the figures supplied. A local newspaper poll predicted 52 percent of the vote would go to Smith, but did not publish information on the uncertainty of this estimate The {{undue precision}} template may be added to figures appearing to be overprecise. Avoid using "approximately", "about", and similar terms with figures that have merely been approximated or rounded in a normal and expected way, unless the reader might otherwise be misled. The tallest player was 6 feet 3 inches (not ... about 6 feet 3 inches – heights are conventionally reported only to the nearest inch, even though greater precision may be available in principle) but The witness said the assailant was about 5 feet 8 inches tall ("about" because here the precise value is unknown, with substantial uncertainty) The reader may be assumed to interpret large round numbers (100,000 troops) as approximations. Writing a quantity in words (one hundred thousand troops) can further emphasize its approximate nature. See § Unit conversions below for precision issues when converting units. Non-base-10 notations Shortcuts MOS:BASE MOS:RADIX MOS:BINARY MOS:HEX In computer-related articles, use the prefix 0x for hexadecimal, 0 for octal, and 0b for binary, unless there is a strong reason to use some other notation.[h] Explain these prefixes in the article's introduction or on first use. In all other articles, use <sub> to create subscripts: 1379, 2013. Markup: <sub>9</sub>, 201<sub>3</sub> For bases above 10, use symbols conventional for that base (as seen in reliable sources) e.g. for base 16 use 0–9 and A–F. Mathematical formulae Main page: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics For the display of a mathematical formula, there are multiple options, covered in detail at WP:Manual of Style/Mathematics § Typesetting of mathematical formulae. One uses special MediaWiki $...$ markup using LaTeX syntax, which is capable of complex formulae; the other relies on conventionalized HTML formatting of simple formulae. On the user end, the [itex] markup is displayed as a PNG image by default. Logged-in users can optionally have it rendered in MathML, or in HTML (via MathJax); detailed instructions are at Help:Displaying a formula. Do not put [itex] markup in headings; it is an accessibility problem.

Currencies and monetary values Shortcuts WP:$WP:£ WP:€ MOS:CURRENCY "WP:CURRENCY" redirects here. For the WikiProject focusing on articles about currencies, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics. See also: Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics/Style § Article titles Choice of currency In country-specific articles, such as Economy of Australia, use the currency of the subject country. In non-country-specific articles such as Wealth, use US dollars (US$123 on first use, generally $123 thereafter), euros (€123), or pounds sterling (£123). Currency names Do not capitalize the names or denominations of currencies, currency subdivisions, coins and banknotes: not a Five-Dollar bill, four Quarters, and one Penny total six Dollars one Cent but a five-dollar bill, four quarters, and one penny total six dollars one cent. Exception: where otherwise required, as at the start of a sentence or in such forms as Australian dollar. To pluralize euro use the standard English plurals (ten euros and fifty cents), not the invariant plurals used for European Union legislation and banknotes (ten euro and fifty cent). For the adjectival form, use a hyphenated singular: (a two-euro pen and a ten-cent coin). Link the first occurrence of lesser-known currencies (Mongolian tögrögs). Currency symbols In general, the first mention of a particular currency should use its full, unambiguous signifier (e.g. A$52), with subsequent references using just the appropriate symbol (e.g. $88), unless this would be unclear. Exceptions: In an article referring to multiple currencies represented by the same symbol (e.g. the dollars of the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries – see Currency symbols § dollar variants) use the full signifier (e.g. US$, A$) each time, except (possibly) where a particular context makes this both unnecessary and undesirable. In articles entirely on EU-, UK- and/or US-related topics, all occurrences may be shortened (€26, £22 or$34), unless this would be unclear. The pound sterling is represented by the £ symbol, with one horizontal bar. The double-barred ₤ symbol is ambiguous, as it has also been used for the Italian lira and other currencies. For non-British currencies that use pounds or a pound symbol (e.g. the Irish pound, IR£) use the symbol conventionally preferred for that currency. If there is no common English abbreviation or symbol, follow the ISO 4217 standard. See also List of circulating currencies. Formatting A period (full stop, .) is used as the decimal point – never a comma ($6.57, not$6,57). For the grouping of digits (e.g. £1,234,567) see § Grouping of digits, above. Do not place a currency symbol after the accompanying numeric figures (e.g. 123$, 123£, 123€) unless that is the normal convention for that symbol when writing in English: smaller British coins include 1p, 2p, and 5p denominations. Never use forms such as$US123 or $123 (US). Currency abbreviations that come before the numeric value are unspaced if they consist of a nonalphabetic symbol only, or end in a symbol (£123; €123); but spaced if alphabetic (R 75). Ranges should be expressed giving the currency signifier just once:$250–300, not $250–$300. million and billion should be spelled out on first use, and (optionally) abbreviated M or bn (both unspaced) thereafter: She received £70 million and her son £10M; the school's share was $250–300 million, and the charity's$400–450M. In general, a currency symbol should be accompanied by a numeric amount e.g. not He converted his US$to A$ but He converted his US dollars to Australian dollars or He exchanged the US$100 note for Australian dollars. Exceptions may occur in tables and infoboxes where space is limited e.g. Currencies accepted for deposit: US$, SFr, GB£, €. It may be appropriate to wikilink such uses, or add an explanatory note. Conversions Conversions of less-familiar currencies may be provided in terms of more familiar currencies – such as the US dollar, euro or pound sterling – using an appropriate rate (which is often not the current exchange rate). Conversions should be in parentheses after the original currency, rounding to avoid false precision (two significant digits is usually sufficient, as most exchange rates fluctuate significantly), with at least the year given as a rough point of conversion rate reference; e.g. Since 2001 the grant has been 10,000,000 Swedish kronor ($1.4M, €1.0M, or £800k as of August 2009[update]), not ($1,390,570, €971,673 or £848,646). For obsolete currencies, provide an equivalent (formatted as a conversion) if possible, in the modern replacement currency (e.g. decimal pounds for historical pre-decimal pounds-and-shillings), or a US-dollar equivalent where there is no modern equivalent. In some cases, it may be appropriate to provide a conversion accounting for inflation or deflation over time. See {{Inflation}} and {{Inflation-fn}}.

Common mathematical symbols Shortcuts WP:COMMONMATH MOS:MINUS See also: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics The Insert menu below the editing window gives a more complete list of math symbols, and allows symbols to be inserted without the HTML encoding (e.g. &divide;) shown here. Spaces are placed to left and right when a symbol is used with two operands, but no space is used when there is one operand. Use {{var}} or <var>...</var> for variable names: {{var|base}} + {{var|ht}} and <var>base</var> + <var>ht</var> both produce base + ht. The {{nbsp}} and {{nowrap}} templates may be used to prevent awkward linebreaks. Common mathematical symbols Symbol name Example Markup Comments Plus / positive x + y {{var|x}} + {{var|y}} +y +{{var|y}} Minus / negative x − y {{var|x}} &minus; {{var|y}} Do not use hyphen (-) or dashes ({{ndash}} or {{mdash}}). −y &minus;{{var|y}} Plus-minus / minus-plus 41.5 ± 0.3 41.5 &plusmn; 0.3 −(±a) = ∓a &minus;(&plusmn;{{var|a}}) = &#8723;{{var|a}} Multiplication, cross x × y {{var|x}} &times; {{var|y}} Do not use the letter x to indicate multiplication. However, an unspaced x may be used as a substitute for "by" in common terms such as 4x4. Division, obelus x ÷ y {{var|x}} &divide; {{var|y}} Equal / equals x = y {{var|x}} = {{var|y}} Not equal x ≠ y {{var|x}} &ne; {{var|y}} Approx. equal π ≈ 3.14 {{pi}} &asymp; 3.14 Less than x < y {{var|x}} &lt; {{var|y}} Less or equal x ≤ y {{var|x}} &le; {{var|y}} Greater than x > y {{var|x}} &gt; {{var|y}} Greater or equal x ≥ y {{var|x}} &ge; {{var|y}}

See also Wikipedia:Naming conventions (numbers and dates) Wikipedia:Date formattings m:Help:Date formatting feature at Meta m:Help:Calculation § Displaying numbers and numeric expressions at Meta

Notes ^ See Arbitration Committee statements of principles in cases on style-related editwarring: Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Jguk § Principles, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/jguk 2 § Principles, and Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Sortan § Principles. ^ Only certain citation styles use abbreviated date formats. By default, Wikipedia does not abbreviate dates. Use a consistent citation style within any one article. ^ All-numeric yyyy-mm-dd dates might be assumed to follow the ISO 8601 standard, which mandates the Gregorian calendar. Also, technically all must be four-digit years, but Wikipedia is unlikely to ever need to format a far-future date beyond the year 9999. ^ The routine linking of dates is deprecated. This change was made August 24, 2008, on the basis of this archived discussion. It was ratified in two December 2008 RfCs: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers/Three proposals for change to MOSNUM and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers/Date Linking RFC. ^ For consensus discussion on abbreviated date formats like "Sep 2", see Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Archive 151 § RFC: Month abbreviations. ^ These formats cannot, in general, be distinguished on sight, because there are usages in which 03-04-2007 represents March 4, and other usages in which it represents April 3. In contrast, there is no common usage in which 2007-04-03 represents anything other than April 3. ^ The number in parentheses in a construction like 1.604(48) × 10−4 J is the numerical value of the standard uncertainty referred to the corresponding last digits of the quoted result.[2] ^ The 0x and 0 prefixes, but not 0b, are borrowed from the C programming language. ^ If there is disagreement about the primary units used in a UK-related article, discuss the matter on the article talk-page or at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (WT:MOSNUM). If consensus cannot be reached, refer to historically stable versions of the article and retain the units used in these as the primary units. Also note the style guides of British publications (e.g. The Times, under "Metric"). ^ These definitions are consistent with all units of measure mentioned in the SI Brochure[3] and with all units of measure catalogued in EU directive 80/181/EEC.[4] ^ Wikipedia follows common practice regarding bytes and other data traditionally quantified using binary prefixes (e.g. mega- and kilo-, meaning 220 and 210 respectively) and their unit symbols (e.g. MB and KB) for RAM and decimal prefixes for most other uses. Despite the IEC's 1998 international standard creating several new binary prefixes (e.g. mebi-, kibi-, etc.) to distinguish the meaning of the decimal SI prefixes (e.g. mega- and kilo-, meaning 106 and 103 respectively) from the binary ones, and the subsequent incorporation of these IEC prefixes into the ISO/IEC 80000, consensus on Wikipedia in computing-related contexts favours the retention of the more familiar but ambiguous units KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, etc. over use of unambiguous IEC binary prefixes. For detailed discussion, see WT:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)/Archive/Complete rewrite of Units of Measurements (June 2008).